The Case of Sexual Assault in Sūra 12: Yūsuf and Zulayḫā in Premodern Qur’anic Exegesis

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Botaina Azouaghe

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This study explores the theme of sexual violence within the Islamic tradition, specifically through the lens of premodern Qur’anic exegesis concerning the narrative of Yusuf and Zulayha in Sura 12. While the Qur’a n does not explicitly depict sexual violence, the attempted seduction by Zulayha provides a narrative framework to examine gender dynamics, power structures, and the implications of sexual coercion. By analyzing the interpretations of key premodern Sunni exegetes such as Tabarī , Zamahsarī , Razī , Qurtubī, and Ibn Katī r, this study reveals the nuanced approaches these scholars take in addressing Zulayha’s actions, often downplaying or reframing them within the context of female seduction and the preservation of Yusuf’s prophetic integrity. The analysis underscores the discursive gap in classical exegesis regarding sexual assault, highlighting how patriarchal interpretations may have led to a misrepresentation of sexual violence by equating it with consensual acts of zina (adultery). This study aims to bridge this gap by situating the narrative within contemporary discussions of sexual violence, providing a basis for a more nuanced understanding of how religious discourse can shape perceptions of gender and power within Muslim communities.